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Acquired · August 20, 2023 · 255m

Costco

How Costco built a $240B empire on the radical idea of charging customers for the privilege of shopping there. The membership model, the $1.50 hot dog, and why Costco might be the most admired company in retail.

Canon

Costco carries 3,800 SKUs vs. Walmart's 120,000. By radically constraining the environment, Costco eliminates decision fatigue for shoppers and creates massive buying power per item. Environment design as competitive strategy.
Jim Sinegal worked for Sol Price at FedMart for years before Price fired him and he went on to build Costco — a better version of Price Club. The dead mentor's ideas, improved by the living student.
Costco pays employees 50-100% more than competitors, maintains supplier relationships for decades, and caps its own margins. This 'generous interpretation' of business relationships has produced superior returns.

Highlights

The membership fee IS the business — everything else is a customer acquisition funnel
Costco's merchandise is sold at roughly cost. The entire profit comes from membership fees. This inverts the traditional retail model: the store is a loss leader for the membership.