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Morris Chang invented the pure-play foundry model: a company that manufactures chips designed by others. This single innovation enabled Apple, NVIDIA, AMD, and the entire fabless semiconductor revolution. Now 90% of advanced chips are made by one company in Taiwan.
Canon
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Before TSMC, you had to own a fab to design chips. Chang's foundry model removed this barrier, creating an environment where chip design companies could exist without billions in capital. The environment change enabled NVIDIA, Qualcomm, AMD, and Apple Silicon.
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TSMC got 'lucky' that smartphones happened. But smartphones needed advanced chip manufacturing at massive scale — exactly what TSMC had spent 20 years building. The luck was universal; the preparation was unique.